您現(xiàn)在的位置: 跨考網(wǎng)公共課英語真題正文

2019考研英語二真題閱讀理解text4原文及答案解析

最后更新時(shí)間:2018-12-23 13:52:28
輔導(dǎo)課程:暑期集訓(xùn) 在線咨詢
復(fù)習(xí)緊張,焦頭爛額?逆風(fēng)輕襲,來跨考秋季集訓(xùn)營,幫你尋方法,定方案! 了解一下>>
  2019考研初試英語一考試已經(jīng)結(jié)束,下面是跨考考研英語教研室老師第一時(shí)間為大家整理的2019考研英語二真題閱讀理解text4原文及答案解析,以供參考。

  Text 4

  Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities staring in a new video for World Environment Day-encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use Plastic staples to combat the plastic crisis.

  If only I’d realized that we can buy our way out of the problem except we can’t.

  The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-us plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals: Lead with your wallets.

  The problem of perpetuating this individualistic narrative is that it's not going to get us very far and the plastics crisis we face is immense. Our oceans are blighted by the stuff. It's in our drinking water (including bottled water), and we could even be breathing it in.

  I'm not dismissing individual actions like ordering straw-free drinks at bars, or opting for a reusable water bottle over a cup that's going in the trash as soon as you've used it. I can't imagine not at least trying to minimize my own plastics footprint, whether it's lugging home my newly-refilled gallon bottle of washing-up liquid every few months, or buying packaging-free food, clothing and toiletries where possible.

  On their own, however, none of these things is enough.

  Part of my worry about leaving it up to the individual is that we're all just guessing at what's going on out there-and that's if we haven't been scared off from doing anything to start with in the face of such a huge challenge. As consumers, we have little idea about how much plastic has been used and discarded along the supply chain, for example. It's also hard to compare, say, going to a bulk store that sells plastic-free products but requires you to drive some distance versus a more Iccal shop where you may end up taking home some packaged items.

  There’s also a time and cost issue. Realistically, I'm not going to start making my own laundry detergents so I can avoid the plastic bottles they come in, and there can be extra costs associated with environmentally friendly products.

  My biggest concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have "done our bit" without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions---a kind of "moral licensing" that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.

  While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as "consumers" we must shop sustainably, rather than as "citizens" hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change. Nowhere in World Environment Day 2018's key messages is there anything about voting for environmentally progressive politicians, for example. Why not?

  It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be .In her latest book, Why Could People Do Bad Environmental Things, Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. De Sombre argue that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.

  This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will” eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.

  De Sombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.

  None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting business), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change. That’s not something we can buy.

  36. Some celebrities star in a new video to

  A. demand new laws on the use of plastics

  B. urge consumers to cut the use of plastics

  C. invite public opinion on the plastics crisis

  D. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis

  37. The author is concerned that “moral licensing” may

  A. mislead us into doing worthless things

  B. prevent us from making further efforts

  C. weaken our sense of accomplishment

  D. suppress our desire for success

  38. By pointing out our identity as “citizens,” the author indicates that

  A. our focus should be shifted to community welfare

  B. our relationship with local industries is improving

  C. we have been actively exercising our civil rights

  D. We should press our governments to lead the combat

  39. De Sombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be

  A. a win-win arrangement

  B. a self-driven mechanism

  C. a cost- effective approach

  D. a top down process

  40. The author concludes that individual efforts

  A. can be too aggressive

  B. are far from sufficient

  C. can be too inconsistent

  D. are far from rational

  36. 答案【B】 urge consumers to cut the use of plastics

  解析:根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞celebrities, star, in a new video,我們可以回文定位到第一段第二句話“They are part of a bunch of celebrities staring in a new video for ...”出現(xiàn)此事的目的是“encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples to combat the plastic crisis.”由此可見第二個(gè)選項(xiàng)和原文屬于統(tǒng)一置換,得答案。

  37. 答案【B】prevent us from making further efforts

  解析:此題干是作者concerned,還有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞“moral licensing”回文定位到第九段,段首my biggest concern定位;“without ever progressive onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions”即moral licensing。Without的內(nèi)容就是作者最擔(dān)憂的內(nèi)容,此題得解。

  38. 答案【D】we should press our governments to lead the combat

  解析:通過題干關(guān)鍵詞“citizens”定位到第十段一句話。詞句中是一個(gè)比較結(jié)構(gòu)rather than citizens hold our governments and industries to account to push to real systemic change,這句話的主語是我們忽視的內(nèi)容是這樣子的,那由rather than進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折,作者的觀點(diǎn)就是我們不應(yīng)忽略的內(nèi)容,所以,和第三個(gè)答案異曲同工,都是希望政府起到主導(dǎo)作用。

  39. 答案【D】 a top-down process

  解析:通過題干人名,最好的方式,collective change定位到倒數(shù)第四段最后一句;最好的方式是直接定位到for the change to be structural.由此可見是結(jié)構(gòu)性的變革,再加上下面兩段的例證,得此題答案徹底性的變革。

  40. 答案【B】 are far from sufficient

  解析:根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段。第一句說并不是個(gè)體不重要,第二句說只是我們要換個(gè)角度,第三句我們不能等,第四句我們需要progressive policies...等等,都說明個(gè)體重要但是這個(gè)是力量有限的,需要其他方面的跟進(jìn)。所以此題選擇了第二個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

  (本文為跨考教育教研室老師解析,轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處。)

  2022考研初復(fù)試已經(jīng)接近尾聲,考研學(xué)子全面進(jìn)入2023屆備考,跨考為23考研的考生準(zhǔn)備了10大課包全程準(zhǔn)備、全年復(fù)習(xí)備考計(jì)劃、目標(biāo)院校專業(yè)輔導(dǎo)、全真復(fù)試模擬練習(xí)和全程針對性指導(dǎo);2023考研的小伙伴針也已經(jīng)開始擇校和復(fù)習(xí)了,跨考考研暢學(xué)5.0版本全新升級,無論你在校在家都可以更自如的完成你的考研復(fù)習(xí),暑假集訓(xùn)營帶來了院校專業(yè)初步選擇,明確方向;考研備考全年規(guī)劃,核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)入門;個(gè)性化制定備考方案,助你贏在起跑線,早出發(fā)一點(diǎn)離成功就更近一點(diǎn)!

點(diǎn)擊右側(cè)咨詢或直接前往了解更多

考研院校專業(yè)選擇和考研復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃
2023備考學(xué)習(xí) 2023線上線下隨時(shí)學(xué)習(xí) 34所自劃線院校考研復(fù)試分?jǐn)?shù)線匯總
2022考研復(fù)試最全信息整理 全國各招生院??佳袕?fù)試分?jǐn)?shù)線匯總
2023全日制封閉訓(xùn)練 全國各招生院??佳姓{(diào)劑信息匯總
2023考研先知 考研考試科目有哪些? 如何正確看待考研分?jǐn)?shù)線?
不同院校相同專業(yè)如何選擇更適合自己的 從就業(yè)說考研如何擇專業(yè)?
手把手教你如何選專業(yè)? 高校研究生教育各學(xué)科門類排行榜

跨考考研課程

班型 定向班型 開班時(shí)間 高定班 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)班 課程介紹 咨詢
秋季集訓(xùn) 沖刺班 9.10-12.20 168000 24800起 小班面授+專業(yè)課1對1+專業(yè)課定向輔導(dǎo)+協(xié)議加強(qiáng)課程(高定班)+專屬規(guī)劃答疑(高定班)+精細(xì)化答疑+復(fù)試資源(高定班)+復(fù)試課包(高定班)+復(fù)試指導(dǎo)(高定班)+復(fù)試班主任1v1服務(wù)(高定班)+復(fù)試面授密訓(xùn)(高定班)+復(fù)試1v1(高定班)
2023集訓(xùn)暢學(xué) 非定向(政英班/數(shù)政英班) 每月20日 22800起(協(xié)議班) 13800起 先行階在線課程+基礎(chǔ)階在線課程+強(qiáng)化階在線課程+真題階在線課程+沖刺階在線課程+專業(yè)課針對性一對一課程+班主任全程督學(xué)服務(wù)+全程規(guī)劃體系+全程測試體系+全程精細(xì)化答疑+擇校擇專業(yè)能力定位體系+全年關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)指導(dǎo)體系+初試加強(qiáng)課+初試專屬服務(wù)+復(fù)試全科標(biāo)準(zhǔn)班服務(wù)

①凡本網(wǎng)注明“稿件來源:跨考網(wǎng)”的所有文字、圖片和音視頻稿件,版權(quán)均屬北京尚學(xué)碩博教育咨詢有限公司(含本網(wǎng)和跨考網(wǎng))所有,任何媒體、網(wǎng)站或個(gè)人未經(jīng)本網(wǎng)協(xié)議授權(quán)不得轉(zhuǎn)載、鏈接、轉(zhuǎn)帖或以其他任何方式復(fù)制、發(fā)表。已經(jīng)本網(wǎng)協(xié)議授權(quán)的媒體、網(wǎng)站,在下載使用時(shí)必須注明“稿件來源,跨考網(wǎng)”,違者本網(wǎng)將依法追究法律責(zé)任。

②本網(wǎng)未注明“稿件來源:跨考網(wǎng)”的文/圖等稿件均為轉(zhuǎn)載稿,本網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)載僅基于傳遞更多信息之目的,并不意味著再通轉(zhuǎn)載稿的觀點(diǎn)或證實(shí)其內(nèi)容的真實(shí)性。如其他媒體、網(wǎng)站或個(gè)人從本網(wǎng)下載使用,必須保留本網(wǎng)注明的“稿件來源”,并自負(fù)版權(quán)等法律責(zé)任。如擅自篡改為“稿件來源:跨考網(wǎng)”,本網(wǎng)將依法追究法律責(zé)任。

③如本網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)載稿涉及版權(quán)等問題,請作者見稿后在兩周內(nèi)速來電與跨考網(wǎng)聯(lián)系,電話:400-883-2220