2019考研英語(yǔ)一真題新題型原文及答案解析

　　Directions:

　　The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　A. These tools can help you win every argument-not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about the issues that divide people. learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments –from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain mutual respect, and understanding---then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.

　　B. Of course, many discussions are not so successful. Still, we need to be careful not to accuse opponents of bad arguments too quickly. We need to learn how to evaluate them properly. A large part of evaluation is calling out bad arguments, but we also need to admit good arguments by opponents and to apply the same critical standards to ourselves. Humility requires you to recognize weakness in your own arguments and sometimes also to accept reasons on the opposite side.

　　C. None of these will be easy but you can start even if others refuse to. Next time you state your position, formulate an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. Next time you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view. Spell out their argument fully and charitably. Assess its strength impartially. Raise objections and listen carefully to their replies.

　　D. Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. Your prospects would be almost as dismal if arguments were even just competitions-like, say, tennis games. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner emerges from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking is why so many people try to avoid arguments, especially about politics and religion.

　　E. In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: "There is only one way...to get the best of an argument-and that is to avoid it. "This aversion to arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes profound problems for our personal and social lives- and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.

　　F. These views of arguments also undermine reason. If you see a conversation as a fight or competition, you can win by cheating as long as you don't get caught. You will be happy to convince people with bad arguments. You can call their views stupid, or joke about how ignorant they are. None of these tricks will help you understand them, their positions or the issues that divide you, but they can help you win-in one way.

　　G. There is a better way to win arguments. Imagine that you favor increasing the minimum wage in our state, and I do not. If you yell, “Yes,”and I yell. “No,” neither of us learns anything. We neither understand nor respect each other, and we have no basis for compromise or cooperation. In contrast, suppose you give a reasonable argument: that full-time workers should not have to live in poverty. Then I counter with another reasonable argument: that a higher minimum wage will force businesses to employ fewer people for less time. Now we can understand each other's positions and recognize our shared values, since we both care about needy workers.

　　41→42→F→43→44→C→45

　　答案：EDGBA

　　41_E

　　通過(guò)讀各個(gè)選項(xiàng)第一句話排除不能做文章首段的選項(xiàng)。A有these tools 排除，B有so successful 排除，C固定位置排除，F(xiàn)固定位置排除，G有better way 排除，只有D和E有可能。D中開(kāi)頭為人名，為第一段可能較小。E中第一句有Carnegie人名，并且引用書(shū)中觀點(diǎn)開(kāi)頭，符合引用開(kāi)頭的特點(diǎn)，所以為第一段。

　　42_D

　　D中開(kāi)頭為人名，前面一段應(yīng)該有提到過(guò)這個(gè)人。E中第一句有Carnegie人名，所以D應(yīng)該跟著E。

　　43_G

　　第一句中有a better way ，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)最后一句in one way，形成呼應(yīng)。

　　44_B

　　后接固定段落C選項(xiàng)，C的第一句中有none of this，所以前一段最后一句要有列舉并列形式，B選項(xiàng)符合。

　　45_A

　　A選項(xiàng)中段首有these tools，所以前一段末尾有tool類(lèi)事物，并且有列舉并列形式，C選項(xiàng)末尾符合，所以A在C之后。

　　(本文為跨考教育教研室老師原創(chuàng)，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處。)