2018考研英語(yǔ)真題解析：寫(xiě)作提分因素“5步走”

　　雖然英語(yǔ)作文需要依靠日積夜累，但并不是說(shuō)短時(shí)間內(nèi)提高成績(jī)不可能，只要考生在復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候能夠抓住重點(diǎn)，一樣可以在短時(shí)間內(nèi)創(chuàng)造出高分奇跡。鑒于不少考生英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作語(yǔ)言單調(diào)乏味、缺少變通。本文將結(jié)合往屆考生的寫(xiě)作特點(diǎn)，并采用“五步走”的方法，希望能對(duì)廣大考生寫(xiě)作時(shí)能達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。

　　第一步：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的使用

　　1.Nowadays,the call for quality-oriented education is becoming widespread and the drawbacks of test-oriented education,which have aroused great concern throughout China,are becoming increasingly apparent.

　　2.This trend began during the Second World War，when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

　　逗號(hào)前后是我們寫(xiě)作時(shí)構(gòu)造復(fù)雜多變、精彩生動(dòng)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的突破口。上述兩例中我們合理巧妙地運(yùn)用了非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，使前后兩個(gè)分句有機(jī)地連接起來(lái)，顯得連貫、自然。例1用關(guān)系代詞which 代替逗號(hào)前整個(gè)分句的意思。這樣就把原本要用兩個(gè)句子來(lái)表達(dá)的信息通過(guò)定語(yǔ)從句壓縮為一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，顯得簡(jiǎn)潔、精煉。例2中逗號(hào)前先行詞是表時(shí)間，因此用關(guān)系代詞when引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，將主要信息移置逗號(hào)之后，取得“末尾聚焦”的效果。其實(shí)考生們對(duì)于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的用法不可謂不熟，但可能就是缺乏用多種手段銜接分句的意識(shí)。

　　第二步：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做狀語(yǔ)的使用

　　1.Parents are eager to control their kids,ignoring their individuality with a rigorous attitude toward their personal development.

　　2.School—age children are often seen carrying bags on their backs,weighed down on their way to and from school every day.

　　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有四種變現(xiàn)形式，即動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞和動(dòng)名詞。利用這幾種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式(動(dòng)名詞不能做狀語(yǔ)除外)做狀語(yǔ)，能很好地突出信息，取得信息“末尾聚焦”的效果。例1用現(xiàn)在分詞做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示一種必然的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，即結(jié)果在意料之中。例2用過(guò)去分詞做伴隨狀語(yǔ)，將飽受應(yīng)試教育摧殘的學(xué)齡兒童那苦不堪言的情形栩栩如生地勾勒了出來(lái)，辛辣的嘲諷宛然可見(jiàn)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做狀語(yǔ)到底放在前還是放在后似乎沒(méi)有絕對(duì)的要求。但一般來(lái)說(shuō)，做伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí)可前可后但做原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)放在前面較多，做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)一般放在句子前，做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)一般放在后半分句，做條件狀語(yǔ)時(shí)一般放在前面分句，等等。

　　第三步：同位語(yǔ)或插入語(yǔ)的使用

　　1.By contrast，when removed from the greenhouse，the protective umbrella，it struggles helplessly against the sudden attack of storms，only to wither away.

　　2.Specifically，the number 6’，as they strongly believe，is closely associated with smoothness in the Chinese culture.

　　同位語(yǔ)或插入語(yǔ)一般插在主謂語(yǔ)之間，一般由名詞詞組(例l)、介詞詞組(如in my opinion，in other words等)、從句(例2)、不定式短語(yǔ)(例3)、現(xiàn)在分詞(例4)短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。它們能起到補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用。除此之外，插入語(yǔ)還可對(duì)整句話(huà)表示解釋?zhuān)纾?/p>

　　3.There were twenty people present，to be precise.(不定式短語(yǔ)做插入語(yǔ))

　　4. Roughly speaking，these countries are the most densely—populated in Asia.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做插入語(yǔ))

　　第四步：With結(jié)構(gòu)的使用

　　1.We now live in a society where competition in the job market rages，with graduates and job-hunters from all walks Of life scrambling for desirable jobs

　　2.As described in the picture.an American girl is wearing a Chinese costume characteristic of some minority group， with a sweet smile on her face.

　　3.These children can set their hearts at ease，with everything well—arranged by their parents.

　　4.He entered upon the new enterprise cautiously，with his eyes wide open.

　　With結(jié)構(gòu)總的說(shuō)來(lái)有五種形式，即：With+名(代)詞+現(xiàn)在分詞(例1)，With+名(代)詞+過(guò)去分詞(例3)，With+名(代)詞+介詞短語(yǔ)(例2)，With+名(代)詞+副詞或形容詞(例4)，With+名(代)詞+不定式。With結(jié)構(gòu)可表原因(例1、3)、伴隨或方式(例2、4)、等。

　　第五步：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的使用

　　1.Rosy dreams shattered，they are bewildering at the junction：“To be or not to be? That is the question”一Hamlet’s perplexed monologue is echoing in their ears.

　　2. “Just listen to this，”she says，her eyes glowing，her fingers pressed to my palm to hold my attention

　　3.The U.S.population expanding dramatically，the species of its wildlife has Witnessed a —corresp0nding decline in a span of two centuries.

　　4.He went off，gun in hand

　　5.The meal over，prayers were read by Miss Miller.

　　兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分句間如果主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)要用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。所謂“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”實(shí)質(zhì)就是帶自己主語(yǔ)的非限定分句和無(wú)動(dòng)詞分句。它按結(jié)構(gòu)形式分為不定式“獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)”、一ing分詞“獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)”(例2、3)、一ed分詞“獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)”(例1、2)和無(wú)動(dòng)詞“獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)”，即名(代)詞+介詞短語(yǔ)(例4)、名(代)詞+副詞(例5)或形容詞。

　　考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作短期提分比較難，但是掌握這“5步走”會(huì)讓你的寫(xiě)作真正成為你的“寫(xiě)作”，讓你的作文眼前一亮，分?jǐn)?shù)提高也只是時(shí)間問(wèn)題。

　　本文為跨考教育英語(yǔ)教研室金哲老師原創(chuàng)，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處。